"PRISMA in Action: How to Conduct Systematic Reviews the Right Way"

Making Systematic Reviews Less Scary and More Practical – Especially for Education Researchers

🔍 What is PRISMA and Why Should You Care?

If you're a student, researcher, or educator diving into systematic reviews, you’ve probably heard the term PRISMA tossed around. But what is it, really?

PRISMA stands for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. It’s a checklist and flow diagram used to improve how researchers report their systematic reviews. In simple terms, PRISMA helps ensure your research is transparent, complete, and trustworthy.

Imagine you’re baking a cake using a recipe. PRISMA is like a standard recipe format — so that anyone following your steps knows exactly what ingredients you used, how long you baked it, and what to expect.

🧠 Why Education Researchers (and Others) Should Use PRISMA

In education, where interventions, teaching methods, or learning outcomes are studied in different ways across the world, systematic reviews help summarize what works best — or doesn’t.

Using PRISMA helps:

• Ensure clarity and transparency in your review.

• Make your work replicable.

• Improve trust in your conclusions.

• Increase the chance of publication in top-tier journals.

📋 The 4 Essential Steps of PRISMA (Simplified)

Let’s break it down in a more human and less technical way:

1. Identification

You begin by searching for studies in databases (like ERIC, Google Scholar, PubMed). You note the number of total records you find.

🟢 Example: You search for studies on “online learning during COVID-19” and find 1,200 articles.

2. Screening

You remove duplicates and skim through titles/abstracts to remove irrelevant studies.

🟢 Example: Out of 1,200, you realize 500 were duplicates. You screen the rest and exclude another 400 that are not focused on school-level education.

3. Eligibility

Now you read the full texts of the remaining studies to check if they meet your review’s inclusion criteria.

🟢 Example: From 300 full-texts, only 80 focus specifically on high school online learning effectiveness.

4. Included

These are the final studies you analyze for your review. You record how many and explain why others were excluded.

🟢 Final Result: 30 studies are included in your systematic review.

✅ And all these steps are recorded in a PRISMA flow diagram.

📊 Visual Aid: PRISMA Flow Diagram (Example)

Here’s a simple flowchart structure you’ll follow:

Identification

↓

Screening

↓

Eligibility

↓

Included

you can use free tools like PRISMA Flow Diagram Generator or draw it using Notion, Canva, or even Word SmartArt.

🛠️ Templates & Tools to Make PRISMA Easier

Templates to use:

• PRISMA 2020 Checklist (official):  PRISMA 2020 Checklist

• Excel template for data extraction (simple columns: Author, Year, Sample, Findings)

• PRISMA Word template (search on ResearchGate or Google Drive shared docs)

Tools to help:

Tool	Purpose
Zotero / Mendeley	Reference management
Rayyan	AI-assisted screening
Excel / Google Sheets	Data extraction
Canva / Word	Creating flow diagrams

📚 Sample from the Education Field

Topic: Impact of digital storytelling on students’ writing skills.

• Databases Searched: ERIC, Scopus, Google Scholar

• Inclusion Criteria: Peer-reviewed, English, published 2013–2023, school-level education

• Total Found: 620

• After PRISMA Filtering: 18 relevant studies analyzed

Using PRISMA helped this reviewer clearly communicate how they narrowed down their sources and built trust in their findings.

• 💡 Final Tips for Beginners

  • Always define your inclusion and exclusion criteria early.

  • Be honest and transparent about why you removed certain studies.

  • Don’t skip the PRISMA diagram — journals often require it.

  • If you’re unsure, collaborate with a librarian or mentor to help with the search strategy.

  
  ✨ Conclusion: PRISMA = Research That Speaks Clearly

  Whether you’re in education, psychology, health, or even business — PRISMA isn’t just for “experts.” It’s a research friend that guides you toward clarity and credibility. By following its steps, you’ll not only impress reviewers but genuinely improve the quality of your research.

  Happy writing! ✍️💡

  Thank you for reading. 👀

  Professor (Dr.) P. M. Malek 

  

  malekparveenbanu786@gmail.com